Development of a Conceptual Framework for Digital Twin in Architecture Integrating IoT Systems for Small-Scale Smart Buildings in Vietnam
In the context of Construction 4.0, the adoption of Digital Twin (DT) technology has become essential; however, existing research predominantly targets large-scale, capital-intensive projects. This study proposes a comprehensive Conceptual Framework for Digital Twin in Architecture (DTiA), integrating IoT systems specifically for small-scale smart buildings in Vietnam. The framework combines a vertical five-layer technology architecture comprising Physical, Data & Communication, Digital System, Intelligence, and Application layers with a horizontal lifecycle integration approach connecting design, construction, and operation phases. An illustrative proof-of-concept using ESP32 microcontrollers, MQTT protocols, and Autodesk Revit successfully implements the framework at the Digital Shadow level, demonstrating near real-time, one-way data synchronization for environmental monitoring and visualization.
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