Research in public.

A conceptual study of distributed electric propulsion architectures for compact vertical takeoff systems. This working paper establishes a framework for comparing efficiency, noise, and control trade-offs.

Notes toward a model of how symbolic representations can preserve uncertainty while supporting machine reasoning.

In the context of Construction 4.0, the adoption of Digital Twin (DT) technology has become essential; however, existing research predominantly targets large-scale, capital-intensive projects. This study proposes a comprehensive Conceptual Framework for Digital Twin in Architecture (DTiA), integrating IoT systems specifically for small-scale smart buildings in Vietnam. The framework combines a vertical five-layer technology architecture comprising Physical, Data & Communication, Digital System, Intelligence, and Application layers with a horizontal lifecycle integration approach connecting design, construction, and operation phases. An illustrative proof-of-concept using ESP32 microcontrollers, MQTT protocols, and Autodesk Revit successfully implements the framework at the Digital Shadow level, demonstrating near real-time, one-way data synchronization for environmental monitoring and visualization.